2008K Operators Manual Rev O

Contents

About this manual… ... 7 Requirements ... 8 Related Reading ... 8 Conventions ... 9 About Hemodialysis…... 11 General Warnings ... 13 Using a Central Venous Catheter ... 18 CHAPTER 1 Overview ... 20 Function of the 2008K hemodialysis machine ... 20 Organization of the 2008K hemodialysis machine ... 20 The Control Panel ... 23 Control Panel Keys ... 24 Modules ... 31 The Dialysate Path ... 37 IV Pole and Dialyzer Holder... 40 Moving the Machine ... 41 CHAPTER 2 Daily Preparation for Treatment ... 43 Starting Point ... 43 Preparing the Dialysis Delivery System ... 44 Preparing the Extracorporeal Blood Circuit... 45 Connecting the Extracorporeal Blood Circuit ... 47 Testing the 2008K hemodialysis machine ... 52 Recirculation and Final Set-Up Procedure... 55 CHAPTER 3 Setting Treatment Parameters ... 57 Recommended Screen Order ... 57 New Treatment Key ... 58 Entering a Parameter ... 59 Dialysate Screen Settings ... 60 Home Screen Settings ... 71

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Ultrafiltration ... 75 Sodium Variation System ... 80 Heparin Screen Settings ... 84 Test & Options Screen Settings ... 89 Pediatric Dialysis ... 91 Blood Pressure Screen Settings ... 91 Starting Dialysis ... 94 CHAPTER 4 Monitoring the Treatment ... 95 Home Screen Monitoring ... 96 Trends Screen Monitoring ... 101 Kt/V & Access Flow Monitoring ... 104 Blood Temperature Monitor / Blood Volume Monitor Screen ... 112 Blood Pressure Screen Monitoring ... 115 During Treatment ... 116 Blood Recirculation Procedure ... 117 Power Failure during Dialysis ... 118 Completion of Dialysis ... 121 CHAPTER 5 Disinfection and Maintenance ... 124 Cleaning and Disinfection... 124 Cleaning the Exterior Surface ... 127 Rinse Program... 129 Acid Clean Program... 130 Heat Disinfection ... 131 Chemical/Rinse Program ... 132 Chemical/Dwell Program... 134 CHAPTER 6 Alarms and Troubleshooting ... 137 Operational Status ... 137 Troubleshooting ... 141 Replacing the Diasafe Plus Filter ... 186 Replacing the 9-Volt Battery ... 186 APPENDIX A Single Needle Dialysis (Optional) ... 188 APPENDIX B

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2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual Rev O

Concentrate Types ... 202 Adding New Concentrates or Changing the Type ... 204 Creating Custom UF Profiles ... 208 Auto Heat Disinfect ... 209 Available Software & Hardware Treatment Options and Default Settings ... 211 Equipment Storage and Maintenance ... 216 Machine Specifications ... 217 Manufacturer’s Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Declaration ... 224 Product Improvement Policy: ... 226 Warranty ... 226 APPENDIX C The 2008K@home hemodialysis Machine ... 228 Glossary ... 232 Index ... 236

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2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual Rev O

About This Manual…

About this manual… The purpose of the 2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual is to instruct qualified patient-care staff in the function, operation, and maintenance of the 2008K hemodialysis machine. It is not intended as a guide for performing hemodialysis, a medical treatment that should only be performed under the supervision of a licensed physician. This manual is organized to systematically guide a patient-care specialist through the set up, operation, and clean up of the 2008K hemodialysis machine in daily use. The book begins with an overview that introduces the operator to the major components and describes how they are organized on the machine. Next, the operator is guided through a daily set-up procedure. Once the machine has been prepared for daily use, a step-by-step guide to preparing the machine for a patient-specific treatment is provided. The operator is then provided a tour of the various treatment screen functions useful in monitoring the treatment, followed by instruction in terminating treatment and post-treatment clean up. Also included are sections on troubleshooting, maintenance, and treatment options. The organization of the 2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual is as follows: 

Preface Identifies the intended audience, and describes how the manual is organized. It addresses various issues regarding the performance of hemodialysis and product liability, and provides information for contacting Fresenius USA, Inc.



Chapter 1-Overview Introduces the operator to the 2008K hemodialysis machine, its features, their functions, and how they are organized on the machine through pictures and descriptions.



Chapter 2-Daily Preparation for Treatment Provides instructions on the recommended methods of preparing the 2008K hemodialysis machine for daily, standard-dialysis operation.

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Chapter 3-Setting Treatment Parameters Describes how to enter treatment data, and guides the operator through the relevant, treatment screens to enter patient-specific, treatment parameters in their recommended order. The chapter also covers the procedure for beginning dialysis treatment.

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Chapter 4-Monitoring and the Completion of Treatment Guides the user through the screens used to monitor the dialysis treatment. It explains the features of each screen and describes the information displayed. The screens that provide a general overview of the treatment status are provided first, followed by the screens providing more in-depth data that are narrower in scope. It concludes with a description of the recommended, end-of-treatment procedure.



Chapter 5-Cleaning and Disinfection Recommendations for scheduled cleaning and disinfection, as well as maintenance procedures that should be performed by the operator are found here.

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About This Manual… 

Chapter 6-Alarms and Troubleshooting This chapter is indexed by alarm messages to provide the operator a quick-reference guide for determining the cause and remedies for alarms and warning situations.



Appendices In addition, this manual includes several appendices covering optional hemodialysis treatments such as single-needle hemodialysis and provides information on the setup, customizing, storage and specifications of the 2008K hemodialysis machine.

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Glossary A glossary of terms is included

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Index An index to aid the operator in referencing information is included

Requirements Operators of the 2008K hemodialysis machine must be trained to administer hemodialysis at the direction of a physician. In addition, the operator should be: 

Knowledgeable of hemodialysis methodology and relevant physiology.



Proficient in healthcare procedures regarding aseptic techniques.



Thoroughly familiar with the contents of this manual.

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Fully trained and qualified to operate this machine, and able to distinguish between normal and abnormal operation.

Related Reading The following documents contain information on related to the 2008K hemodialysis machine:

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2008K Technicians Manual (P/N 490049)

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2008K Calibration Procedures Manual (P/N 507296)



2008K Preventive Maintenance Procedures Manual (P/N 507297)



2008K/K2 Troubleshooting Guide (P/N 507298)

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2008K/K@home/K2 Spare Parts Manual (P/N 490124)

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2008K Installation Checklist (P/N 490051)

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2008K Installation Checklist Instructions (P/N 507300)

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2008K Field Service Bulletins may be obtained from the Fresenius Medical Care North America (FMCNA) website: www.FMCNA.com or contact your clinic for more information.



Comments are available concerning the expected increased recirculation of blood in the extracorporeal circuit during single needle treatment when using the recommended administration sets, dialyzers, catheters, and fistula needles.

2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual Rev O

About This Manual…

Conventions Symbol and

and

Description Warning! A warning is a statement that identifies conditions or actions that could result in personal injury or loss of life. Warnings found in this manual outside of this section are designated with the warning symbol. Shock Hazard: A shock hazard warning refers to a risk of a possibly severe electrical shock due to improper use or handling of the equipment. Corrosive Substance Hazard: A corrosive substance hazard warning refers to a risk of injury or machine damage due to improper use or handling of the equipment. Hot Surface, Fluid, or Vapors Hazard: A hot surface, fluid, or vapors hazard warning refers to risk of burn injury due to improper use or handling of the equipment. Caution: A caution is a statement that identifies conditions or actions that could result in damage to the machine. Mandatory Action: A command describing required action to maintain safety. Note: Notes are advisory comments or recommendations regarding practices or procedures. Do not reuse ON: This symbol, at the top of the switches on the back of your machine, means the switch is in the ON position. OFF: This symbol, at the bottom of the switches on the back of your machine, means the switch is in the OFF position. Degree of protection against electric shock: Type B Degree of protection against electric shock: Type CF – Blood Pressure Cuff only MR Unsafe: An item which poses unacceptable risks to the patient, medical staff or other persons within the MR (Magnetic Resonance) environment. Protective ground terminal Ground terminal Equipotentiality

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About This Manual…

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Name

Description

Button

A button refers to pressure-sensitive area located in the treatment screens that is used to set treatment parameters.

Control Panel

The control panel is located at the top third of the 2008K machine and contains the touch screen and panel keys used in controlling the treatment.

Key

A key is a pressure-sensitive, raised pad found on the control panel outside of the treatment screen that is used to enter a value, make a selection, or initiate an action or process.

Screen

The graphic image displayed inside the touch screen. There are eight main screens all of which are accessible from any of the other screens.

Subscreen

A smaller screen that can be opened from inside a particular main screen. Subscreens are not accessible from all main screens.

Touch Screen

The area located in the middle of the control console that displays the treatment screens.

2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual Rev O

About This Manual…

About Hemodialysis… Indications Hemodialysis is prescribed by physicians for patients with acute or chronic renal failure, when conservative therapy is judged inadequate. Dialysis therapy may be intermittent or continuous.

Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications to hemodialysis, but the passing of a patient’s blood through an extracorporeal circuit may require anticoagulation to prevent blood clotting. In addition, the parameters of dialysis should be optimized to avoid discomfort to the patient. Many patients are taking medicinal therapy prescribed by their physicians. Due to the dialysis treatment, some of the medication may be removed from the patient’s blood thereby lowering the therapeutic level in the blood. In other cases, medications may not be excreted as quickly as expected with patients with renal insufficiency and the level may be higher than expected. Therefore, the prescribing physician should determine the appropriate dosage of the medicine to obtain the desired medicinal response in the patient.

Some Side Effects of Hemodialysis Dialysis therapy occasionally causes hypovolemia, hypervolemia, hypertension, hypotension and related symptoms, headache, nausea, cramping or other muscular discomfort in some patients. Hypothermia, hyperthermia, itching, anxiety, convulsions, seizure, and other neurologic symptoms associated with dialysis dementia may also be manifested by the patient. These symptoms are thought to occur if the patient’s blood volume or electrolyte balance is not maintained within acceptable limits. Other, more serious, complications arising from dialysis, such as hemorrhage, air embolism, or hemolysis, can cause serious patient injury or death. The prescribing physician must understand that prescribing insufficient bicarbonate may contribute to metabolic acidosis; excessive bicarbonate may contribute to metabolic alkalosis. Both conditions are associated with poor patient outcomes, including increased risk of mortality. Proper control of all elements of dialysis may prevent or control these physiological reactions or complications. Pyrogenic reactions may occur which can result in patient injury. Generally it is thought that these may be controlled by maintaining the dialysate solution within the chemical and bacteriologic limits (see Water Quality on page 218 of the “Machine Specifications” section for more information). Failure to use these standards for water can also lead to accumulated toxic effects. A regular program for disinfection and testing of the water treatment system, piping, inlet lines, filters, concentrate feed containers or system, and the dialysate delivery machine must be established and followed. This program will vary from facility to facility.

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About This Manual… Infections or pyrogen reactions may also result from contamination of the extracorporeal circuit or inadequate procedures used to reuse dialyzers. Allergic reactions to chemical disinfectants may occur if insufficient procedures are used to remove or maintain the residual disinfectant at acceptable levels. Chemical disinfectants are used for dialyzer disinfection, machine disinfection, or for disinfection of water treatment and distribution systems. All blood connections must be made using aseptic technique. All tubes and connections must be secured and closely monitored to prevent loss of blood or entry of air into the extracorporeal circuit or errors in the ultrafiltration control system. The patient may require blood transfusion or other medical intervention to prevent respiratory or cardiac disorders if these occur. The patient’s blood pressure and general physical status must be closely monitored during dialysis in order to initiate appropriate remedial measures or therapy. Of particular importance is the control of the patient’s serum potassium level to prevent cardiac dysrhythmia and the patient’s blood clotting time to prevent clotting disorders. These instructions are for the 2008K hemodialysis machine. The machine must only be operated in accordance with these instructions. All operators of this machine must be thoroughly trained and have read this entire manual and any applicable appendices before using the machine. Improper care/use of this device may result in serious patient injury or death.

Blood Pressure Module Contraindications The following are generally accepted contraindications for using a timed automatic blood pressure instrument utilizing the oscillometric principle: 

Use of a heart lung machine



Peripheral circulation problems



Severe arrhythmia



Ectopic beats



Convulsions



Spasms



Tremors



Tachycardia

Use of incorrectly sized blood pressure cuffs may result in inaccurate blood pressure readings. This is a guideline only. Final determination of the suitability of any medical instrument for use with any patient is the responsibility of the treating physician.

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2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual Rev O

General Warnings

General Warnings This section contains general warnings statements regarding the use and maintenance of the 2008K hemodialysis machine. It is not a complete summary, and additional warning statements specific to pertinent topics can be found within this manual.

Water Warning! Connect water inlet according to the specifications for the machine. For further information, see Appendix B, “Machine Specifications.” The correct ionic concentration and bacterial quality can generally be achieved in the dialysate only with treated water that meets water quality standards (see Water Quality and Dialysate Quality on page 218 of the “Machine Specifications” section for more information). Be sure that all specifications are satisfied. The water source must be monitored periodically to detect fluctuations in water composition and quality that could have an adverse effect on the patient or dialysate delivery machine. Particular attention must be taken for chemicals such as aluminum, chlorine, and chloramine, as these chemicals can cause complications in dialysis patients. Warning! Comply with all local regulations in respect of separation of devices in the water supply in case of back siphonage; an air gap must be created between the machine’s drain line and its drain.

Concentrates Warning! The specific acid and bicarbonate concentrates, including the sodium, bicarbonate, and electrolyte compositions, must be prescribed by a physician. Warning! Many concentrate types are available for use in dialysate delivery machines. Concentrates contain various amounts of dextrose, potassium, calcium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and other components. Most concentrates are designed as a two-part system of acid and bicarbonate solutions which are mixed in the machine with water. Even within the subgroup of bicarbonate type concentrates, there are at least four methods of compounding the solutions. Each of these methods requires special calibrations or setups. Certain methods are not supported. It is mandatory that the acid and bicarbonate types be matched to each other. Be sure to use compatible solutions, labeling, and setups. These setups include machine calibration, special adapters for certain concentrate types, correct setting of concentrate option, and labeling. Failure to use the properly matched solutions and machine calibrations may allow improper dialysate to be delivered to the patient, resulting in patient injury or death. Verify composition, conductivity, and pH after converting to a different type of concentrate. Warning: Acid concentrate, bicarbonate concentrate, and water must be of the appropriate quality to ensure safety and performance of the final dialysate are met (see Concentrate Quality on page 218 of the “Machine Specifications” section for more information). Warning! Connection to a central acid or bicarbonate feed system requires the installation of certain mechanical parts. Contact Fresenius USA, Inc. for more information.

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General Warnings Warning! Bicarbonate and acid concentrates intended for other dialysate delivery machines will deliver safe dialysate solution only if the machine is set up for them. The selection of other dialysate concentrate types must be done by a qualified, authorized person. The 2008K hemodialysis machine can be set up for various concentrate types. Use Table 33 in Appendix B to ensure that you have compatible concentrates and configurations. Warning! Acid concentrate products are used as one component in mixing dialysate bath. These acid products contain chemical compounds that, after mixing, yield acetate (and citrate in certain products) in the dialysate. (Please refer to the acid concentrate product labeling for specific acetate/citrate amounts.) After diffusion across the dialyzer membrane, acetate (and citrate when present) is metabolized by the liver to serum bicarbonate and adds to the serum bicarbonate that separately results from the diffusion of dialysate bicarbonate across the dialyzer membrane. During dialysis, the dynamic of diffusion and concentration gradients prevent serum bicarbonate concentration from exceeding the dialysate bicarbonate concentration. The bicarbonate concentration of the dialysate is the “bicarbonate” setting on the dialysis machine, and is the bicarbonate dose prescribed by the physician. On the 2008 series hemodialysis machines, the bicarbonate dose may be set in a range between 20 and 40 milliequivalents per liter, but may be set in different ranges in other machines. When the dialysis session terminates, acetate (and citrate when present) that has not yet metabolized may remain in the blood and will be converted to serum bicarbonate after diffusion ceases, without possibility of diffusion out of the blood. The post dialysis metabolism of acetate (and citrate when present) could thus briefly increase serum bicarbonate concentration above the prescribed bicarbonate concentration of the dialysate. Physicians should consider this possibility in prescribing bicarbonate dose. Prescription of insufficient bicarbonate may contribute to metabolic acidosis; excessive bicarbonate may contribute to metabolic alkalosis. Both conditions are associated with poor patient outcomes, including increased mortality risk. Warning! Incorrect composition will result if the acid concentrate nozzle is not connected to the appropriate acid concentrate or the bicarbonate concentrate nozzle is not connected to the appropriate bicarbonate solution. The acid and bicarbonate concentrates must match those selected in the Dialysate screen. Patient injury or death may occur if incorrect dialysate solution is used. Fresenius USA, Inc. recommends the operator use the concentrate containers provided with the machine. These containers, being of different size and shape, help to reduce the chances of mismatching the acid and bicarbonate concentrates. Warning! The operator should always check conductivity and approximate pH of the dialysate with an independent device prior to initiating treatment and whenever concentrates are changed during operation. Warning! Use of an acid concentrate intended for a 1:44 mix ratio in any 1:34 proportioning dialysate delivery machine may result in a dialysate solution with a normal conductivity but without a physiological buffer. There may be no alarms in this event. Use of this improper dialysate solution may cause patient injury or death.

Warning! The machine must be labeled to indicate the type of concentrate for which it is configured. Check the composition (i.e., Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, HCO3) and pH of the dialysate solution after the machine is installed or after the machine is modified for different concentrate types. Check the conductivity and approximate pH of the dialysate solution with an independent device before initiating dialysis. Improper conductivity or pH could result in patient injury or death.

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General Warnings

Machine Warning! Failure to install, operate, and maintain this equipment according to the manufacturer’s instructions may cause patient injury or death. Warning! Do not use devices emitting strong electromagnetic radiation such as portable phones, radio equipment (walkie-talkies, etc.), radio transmitters, and like equipment near your machine. Improper operation may result. Cellular phones and WiFi connected devices may be conditionally allowed. However, if any interference is noted, such as false pressure readings that disappear when the external signal is removed, it is recommended to move the cellular phone at least ten feet away from the 2008K hemodialysis machine when making or receiving phone calls. If a WiFiconnected device (e.g. laptop computers, tablet devices, smartphones) is found to cause interference, it is recommended to use that device at least four feet away from the 2008K hemodialysis machine. For exact separation distance recommendation, please refer to the Manufacturer’s EMC Declaration statement on page 224. Warning! Never perform maintenance when a patient is connected to the machine. If possible, remove the machine from the treatment area when it is being serviced. Label the machine to ensure it is not accidentally returned to clinical use before the service work is completed. Disinfect the machine and test the dialysate for acceptable conductivity and pH values before returning the machine to clinical use. Always test the machine when maintenance is completed. Warning! The electrical source must be single phase, three-conductor type provided with a hospital grade receptacle and a ground fault interrupter at 120 volts, 60 Hz. The proper polarity and ground integrity must be initially checked and maintained. Failure to do so may result in electrical shock or burn to the operator or patient. The machine must be plugged directly into the electrical outlet; extension cords and power strips are prohibited. Warning! Shock hazard. Do not remove covers. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. Replace fuses only with the same type and rating. Warning! Do not install the 9-Volt battery backwards in the machine, as it will damage the “No Power” alarm. Warning! Proper functioning of the machine must be verified prior to initiating treatment. Unidentified malfunctions or alarm failure could potentially expose a patient to a serious health risk. Alarm limits for the arterial pressure monitor, venous pressure monitor, and transmembrane pressure (TMP) monitor are automatically set and delayed for pressure stabilization. Alarm limits for temperature and conductivity are calculated for the dialysate composition and may be somewhat adjusted by the operator. These must be maintained within safe physiological limits as specified by the prescribing physician. Warning! Transducer protectors should be used between transducers and each pressure monitor line of the extracorporeal system to prevent the internal transducer protectors from getting wet. Wet transducer protectors must be replaced, as they will cause inaccurate pressure readings. If the external transducer protector and the internal transducer protector become contaminated with blood, the transducer protectors must be replaced and the transducer and associated parts must be disinfected or replaced.

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General Warnings

Warning! Possible Explosion Hazard if used in the presence of flammable anesthetics. Warning! A new, sterile transducer protector should be placed on all the air connections from the drip chambers to the machine pressure monitor ports. This will prevent contamination of the machine and filters air that enters the chambers through the monitor lines. If the transducer protector should get wet and air is not able to pass, replace the transducer protector and clear the monitor line. Warning! The machine is compatible with a number of venous lines. The Level Detector module must be calibrated for the model venous line being used. In addition, verify that the venous line clamp is capable of fully occluding the model of bloodline that your facility uses. Warning! To avoid damaging the equipment or personal injury, internal adjustments to the blood pressure module should only be made by a qualified technician. Warning! Check all bloodlines for leaks after the treatment has started. Keep access sites uncovered and monitored. Improper bloodline connections or needle dislodgements can result in excessive blood loss, serious injury, and death. Machine alarms may not occur in every blood loss situation. Warning! The dialysate path is a closed fluidics system. Discontinue use immediately if a fluid leak is detected. Do not attempt to administer or continue dialysis treatment with a machine which has a fluid leak, this could result in excessive fluid removal from the patient leading to serious injury or death. System leaks may also pose a slip-and-fall hazard. Clean up spills immediately. Caution: System leaks may occur. Unattended operation of the machine (for example, during disinfection at night) may result in flooding and can cause property damage. Clean up spills immediately. Caution: Be careful not to tip the machine when rolling over uneven surfaces. Push the machine from the middle when moving it. Caution: Do not squeeze the blood pressure cuff when deflating it. Squeezing the blood pressure cuff may damage the machine's internal blood pressure module. Note: A smoke detector should be properly installed in the room used for dialysis. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. The alarm should be tested according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Replace the battery as specified. Note: You must follow all environmental regulations regarding waste disposal and eventual machine disposal. Contact your clinic for more information. Prior to the disposal of your machine, any possible risk of infection from blood borne pathogens must also be eliminated by appropriate disinfection. Note: The temperature of the bloodline and the durometer of the tubing affect the ability of the bloodline/blood pump system to prime during setup. Cold tubing may not prime as readily as warm tubing. Fresenius Medical Care manufactures bloodlines for use with the model 2008K hemodialysis machine. The performance of bloodlines not manufactured by Fresenius Medical Care cannot be guaranteed by Fresenius Medical Care and are therefore the responsibility of the prescribing physician.

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2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual Rev O

General Warnings

Note: The following materials come into contact with purified water, dialysate, or dialysate concentrate: Dyflor (PVDF) Ethylene-propylene terpolymer (EPDM) Foraflon (PVDF) Glass Lupolen (PE) Makrolon (PC) Polyethersulfone (PES) Polyphenylene oxide (PPO) Polyphenylene oxide 20% glass fiber (PPOGF20) Polypropylene (PP)

2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual Rev O

Polypropylene 20% glass fiber (PP-GF20) Radel 10 & 20% glass fiber (PES) Stainless steel (types 300 & 316) Silicone (Si) Teflon (PTFE) Thermocomp (PES) Titanium – TiAl 4 V6 Ultem (PEI) Ultradur+ (PBT) Victrex (PEEK) Vinyl chloride polymer (PVC)

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General Warnings

Using a Central Venous Catheter

Shock Hazard: Ensure that no conductive electrical devices connected to or near the patient have leakage currents above the maximum CF applied parts limit of 10 μA DC and 50 μA DC in a single fault condition. Failure to follow these precautions may result in serious injury or death.

Maintenance Assembly, installation, adjustment, or repair is to be performed only by persons authorized by the facility medical director or by Fresenius USA, Inc.

Questions? For further information regarding the operation, repair, parts, or maintenance of the 2008K hemodialysis machine, please contact:

Fresenius USA, Inc.

(800) 227-2572

Attention: Service Department 4040 Nelson Avenue Concord, CA 94520 www.FMCNA.com

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Chapter 1

Overview The 2008K hemodialysis machine is designed to perform hemodialysis in hospitals, dialysis clinics, and at home with a qualified operator other than the patient. It can be used for patients suffering chronic or acute renal failure.

Function of the 2008K hemodialysis machine The 2008K hemodialysis machine is designed to provide hemodialysis treatment by controlling and monitoring both the dialysate and extracorporeal blood circuits. In the extracorporeal blood circuit, the blood is continuously circulated from the patient through a dialyzer, where toxins are filtered out through a semi-permeable membrane, before being returned to the patient. During this process, the extracorporeal blood circuit is monitored for venous and arterial blood pressures, and for the presence of air and blood. The 2008K hemodialysis machine can also administer heparin evenly throughout the treatment. In the dialysate circuit, the dialysate concentrates are mixed with purified water, heated, degassed, and delivered to the dialyzer. Balancing chambers ensure that the incoming flow of the dialysate is volumetrically equal to the outgoing flow in order to control ultrafiltration from the patient.

Organization of the 2008K hemodialysis machine The 2008K hemodialysis machine is designed for functional efficiency. The back of the machine houses the utility connections such as water source, drain, and electrical connections. By mounting them to the back, the water lines and power cord remain out of the way during treatment. The front of the machine contains all of the controls the operator needs access to during hemodialysis. It can be broken down into three main sections. The top section contains the control panel and houses the computer that runs the treatment program. The middle section contains the modules used for the safe transmission of the blood to and from the dialyzer. Dialysate is the primary concern of the bottom section of the 2008K hemodialysis machine. Here the concentrates used to make up the dialysate are mixed and pumped to the dialyzer. The following pages contain front and rear views of the 2008K hemodialysis machine and a brief description of the machine’s features. You should familiarize yourself with the location and purpose of these features. 20

2008K Hemodialysis Machine Operator’s Manual Rev O

Chapter 1-Overview

Figure 1 – 2008K Hemodialysis Machine-Front View

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