SD9k User & Service Manual Release D June 2012

© Copyright 2012

Astro-Med, Inc.

This manual is copyrighted with all rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form by any means without written permission of Grass Technologies, An Astro-Med, Inc. Subsidiary. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Astro-Med, Inc. assumes no responsibility for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies whatsoever.

Trademarks AURA®, Comet®, EC2®, FASS®, Neurotrac®, Panorama®, SleepTrek®, SzAC®, TWin®, TWinLOOK® and TREA® are trademarks of Astro-Med, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their representative holders.

Stimulator Identification Data Congratulations. Your Grass purchase is an investment in the finest of state-of-the-art medical technology. The information provided below lists the model number and serial number of your Stimulator. If, for any reason, it should be necessary for you to contact Astro–Med, Inc. regarding your purchase, please refer to the following: Model Number:______________________ Serial Number:______________________

Printed in the United States of America

Important This manual is subject to periodic review, update, and revision. Customers are cautioned to verify that the manual’s information applies to the software and hardware present in the equipment. This product performs as described in this manual, and in accompanying labels and/ or inserts, when assembled, operated, maintained, and repaired in accordance with the instructions provided. This product must be cleaned and checked periodically. Do not use a defective product. Parts that are broken, missing, worn, or contaminated should be replaced immediately. If repair or replacement becomes necessary, call or write to request service advice from Grass. This product must not be altered without the prior written approval of Grass. The user of this product shall have the sole responsibility for any malfunction that results from improper use, faulty maintenance, improper repair, unauthorized service, or alteration by anyone other than Grass. The safety, reliability, and performance of this device can only be assured under the following conditions: • If the device has been used according to the accompanying operating instructions. • If changes or repairs have been carried out by Grass. • If it is used in buildings having ground equalization wiring that complies with relevant UL, CSA, IEC or other local standards and regulations.

Intended Use The SD9 is a general purpose nerve and muscle stimulator for student and research laboratory. FOR USE BY QUALIFIED PERSONS ONLY. NOT INTENDED FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES.

WARNINGS READ THIS BEFORE OPERATING WARNING: The SD9 Stimulator is a general purpose physiological nerve and muscle electrical stimulator with a wide range of parameters to satisfy many research applications. The SD9 is designed for use by qualified persons only and is not intended for therapeutic purposes. WARNING: Safe operation requires connecting the SD9 to a properly wired 3-wire AC receptacle. The SD9 is designed to operate from a 115 or 230 AC voltage source. The unit will operate within the range of 104 to 127 VAC, or 207 to 253 VAC. WARNING: The available voltage and current from the SD9 may, under some conditions, be sufficient to be lethal or cause burns, particularly with high duration and/or high voltage settings. It is the responsibility of the investigator/user to determine for any given application, proper and safe levels of stimulation, and assure that such stimulation levels will not be exceeded. In many applications, the mechanisms of stimulation are not completely understood. Parameters that affect safe stimulation levels are: • Pulse Repetition Rate • Pulse Duration • Pulse Duty Cycle • Voltage and/or Current Intensity • Biphasic vs. Monophasic Operation • Total Time Exposure • Electrode Impedance, Geometry, Area and Material CONSULT GRASS TECHNOLOGIES IF YOU HAVE ANY CONCERNS ABOUT SAFE USE OF THE SD9. GRASS TECHNOLOGIES WAIVES THE RESPONSIBILITY WHATSOEVER FOR ANY INJURIES INCURRED TO THE OPERATOR OF THIS INSTRUMENT, OR TO ANY PREPARATION AS A RESULT OF THE IMPROPER USE AND/OR ABUSE OF THIS STIMULATOR.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Declaration de Conformité Ubereinstimmungserklärung Dichiarazione di Conformità Model No. Modele No. Model Nr. Modello No.

SD9

Type of Equipment Type d’ equipement Beschreibung des Gerates Tipo di apparecchio

Research Stimulator

Standards to which conformity is declared Standards auquel la conformité appartient Normen für welche Übereinstimmung erklärt wird Norme per le quali si dichiara la conformità

EN61010-1 EN55011

EN50082-1

Application of Council Directives Application des Decisions du Conseil Anwendbar fur die Richtlinien Applicazione delle Direttive del Comitato

73/23/EEC

89/336/EEC

Manufacturer’s Address Nom du fabricant Hersteller Nome del costruttore

Grass Technologies, An Astro-Med, Inc. Subsidiary Air Station Industrial Park, 53 Airport Park Drive Rockland, MA 02370 Tel 781-792-3800 Fax 781-792-3823

The Technical construction file is located at:

Grass Technologies, An Astro-Med, Inc. Subsidiary 600 East Greenwich Avenue West Warwick, RI USA 02893 Tel 401-828-4000 Fax 401-822-2430

The authorized representitive located within the European Community is:

Xavier Berthe Parc Euclide, 10A Rue Blaise Pascal 78990 Elancourt, France Tel (1)34.82.09.00 Fax (1)34.82.05.71

I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standard. Je, Soussigné, déclare que l’équipment spécifié ci-dessus est en conformité avec la directive et le standard ci-dessus. Ich, der unterzeichnende erkläre hiermit, daß das oben beschriebene Gerät den vorgenannten Richtlinien und Normen entspricht. Il sottoscritto dichiara che l’apparecchio sopra specificato è conforme alle Direttive e Norme.

(signature of authorized person) Place of issue: West Warwick, RI DoC-M609C00

Date of issue: 6/25/12

Table of Contents 1. Specifications & Symbols Glossary ...1-11 Specifications. ...1-11 Glossary of Symbols... 1-12 2. Introduction. ... 2-13 Safety Information... 2-13 Description... 2-15 Installation & Setup... 2-17 3. Operational Controls... 3-19 Operational Controls... 3-19 Frequency (pps)... 3-19 Delay... 3-20 Duration... 3-21 Volts. ... 3-22 Stimulus Selector... 3-23 Polarity... 3-24 Output. ... 3-25 Monitor (Lamp)... 3-25 Power... 3-25 Fusing... 3-26 4. Synchronous Inputs/Outputs. ... 4-27 Synchronous Inputs/Outputs... 4-27 Trigger... 4-27 MOD (modulate)... 4-27 External Single. ... 4-27 Signal Marker... 4-28 Prepulse (Sync Out)... 4-28 Pulse (Sync Out)... 4-28

SD9k Square Pulse Stimulator

ix

5. Stimulus Isolation... 5-29 Circuit Description... 5-29 6. Stimulus Current Monitoring... 6-31 Stimulus Current Monitoring... 6-31 Why Monitor Current?... 6-31 Monitoring Methods. ... 6-32 Converting to Constant Current... 6-33 7. Synchronization. ... 7-35 Synchronizing Other Devices from the SD9... 7-35 Synchronizing the SD9 from Other Devices... 7-36 8. Duty Cycle... 8-37 Definition. ... 8-37 Duty Cycle Considerations... 8-38 9. Signal Marker. ... 9-39 Using the SD9 Signal Marker Output... 9-39 10. Twin Pulse Operation... 10-41 Description... 10-41 Refractory Measurements... 10-41 11. Output Characteristics...11-43 Output Impedance...11-43 Output Connections. ...11-43 12. Operation. ... 12-45 Initial Checks. ... 12-45 Stimulus Patterns... 12-46 13. Troubleshooting... 13-47 General. ... 13-47 Precautions... 13-47 Maintenance & Cleaning Instructions... 13-47 Preventative Maintenance... 13-48 Maintenance... 13-48 A. Service Policy & Warranty. ... A-49 Service Policy Warranty

x

Table of Contents

1

Specifications & Symbols Glossary

Specifications Delay Function �����������0.02 to 200 ms (4 decades); Separates PREPULSE SYNC OUT pulse from the stimulus pulse; Used to set refractory time interval for TWIN PULSE operation Synchronous Outputs ����PREPULSE SYNC OUT precedes the stimulus pulse as selected by the variable delay; PULSE SYNC OUT occurs at the end of the delay period which iscoincident with the onset of the stimulus pulse Frequency ���������������0.2 to 200 pps (3 decades) Duration �����������������0.02 to 200 ms (4 decades) Output Volts (peak) �������0.1 to 100 V (3 decades) Output Impedance ��������≤ 1 kilohm Maximum Power Out ������2.5 watts peak Sync Input and Output ����5 volts TTL compatible Output Isolation Circuit ���Built-in to allow recording with the stimulator at the preparation site with minimum artifact; Output voltage not referred to ground; Output polarity selectable Biphasic Output ����������Can be selected to reduce electrode polarization and ion transfer Monitor Lamp ������������Flashes with each stimulus pulse Accuracy ����������������±10% or better for all parameters, except DELAY X0.01 setting -10%, +25% DURATION X0.01 setting -10%, +40% ±10% Signal Marker ������������For those investigators requiring a signal mark for each stimulus in a volley, a signal marker circuit is included. This circuit is relay controlled and provides a contact closure for each stimulus up to about 30 per second. At higher rates, the contacts remain closed.

SD9k Square Pulse Stimulator

1-11

Maximum Power ����������30 watts at 115 volts, 50/60 Hz; Typical power is 5 watts Physical Size �������������9.5” W x 5.25” H x 5.5” D (24.1cm x 13.3cm x 14cm) Weight: 3.0 lbs. (1.36kg) Environmental ������������Intended for indoor use only Altitude: up to 2000m Temperature range: 5°C to 40°C Maximum relative humidity: 80% for temperatures up to 31°C decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40°C Pollution degree: 2 Regulatory ���������������Safety: UL3101-1, CSA 22.2 No. 1010-1, EN61010-1 and IEC 1010-1 EMI/EMC: EN55011, EN50082 (All specifications subject to change without notice.)

Glossary of Symbols Attention, consult accompanying documents Attention, consulter les documents d’accompagnement Dangerous Voltage Tension Dangereuse

1-12

Chapter 1 Specifications & Symbols Glossary

2

Introduction

Safety Information CAUTION

Misuse of this product may constitute a safety hazard. Please review the following.

1.

For use by qualified persons only.

2.

Removal of the SD9 Stimulator top cover may expose you to lethal voltages and other hazards. Observe labels and caution notices.

3.

Never drop or push objects into the stimulator through cabinet slots, as it is possible to come in contact with hazardous voltages or cause damage.

4.

If the cabinet is damaged, a shock hazard may exist. Unplug the stimulator and have it checked by a qualified person or contact Grass Technologies.

5.

Never expose the stimulator to rain or moisture as this can be a potential cause of fire or shock hazard. If the SD9 is exposed to moisture, unplug it and have it checked by a qualified person. a. Never cover the slots or louvers with cloth or any other material. b. Avoid placing the SD9 over radiators or heat registers. c. Never place the stimulator in an enclosure unless proper ventilation is provided and all other related precautions taken.

6.

Operate the SD9 only on the power sources as printed on the panel. Damage may result from incorrect voltage.

SD9k Square Pulse Stimulator

2-13

2-14

7.

The voltage/current output of this general purpose stimulator can be lethal or cause tissue damage if not used properly by persons trained in the application intended for this instrument.

8.

Note the output of this general purpose stimulator is referenced to ground, i.e., one terminal of the output is ground. Also all sync inputs and outputs are also referenced to ground. To obtain stimulus potentials isolated from ground choose the appropriate Grass isolation unit.

9.

Note the output of this general purpose stimulator is isolated from ground, i.e., neither output terminal is grounded. Grounding either output terminal will defeat the isolation.

10.

Determination of the safe levels of the stimulation for each application is the responsibility of the investigator in charge.

Chapter 2 Introduction

Description The SD9 is an economical square pulse electrical stimulators intended for student and research laboratories. It offers a relatively wide range of parameters making it is useful for many nerve and muscle stimulation studies. The SD9 has built-in stimulus isolation, which effectively floats the output stimulus from any ground reference. This minimizes the stimulus artifact recorded by electrodes that are used to record. For example, the action potential from the preparation. The isolated output also allows polarity reversal. The SD9 operates from a standard 115-volt line. Optional units can be provided for operation on 230 volts. The cabinet is designed for bench-top, and includes a tilt bail on the bottom for tilting the unit for greater ease in viewing the controls. The SD9 provides four basic controls for the stimulus parameters; FREQUENCY, DELAY, DURATION, and VOLTS. Additionally, there are synchronous outputs and inputs to permit synchronization with other instruments, a special MOD (modulate) input for external gating of the FREQUENCY circuit to produce “trains” of pulses, and a polarity switch. The FREQUENCY, DELAY, DURATION, and VOLTS circuits are calibrated to within ±10% at the factory. The timing circuits and voltage will not vary appreciably for line voltage variations between the range of 104- to 127-volts AC.

Figure 2-1: SD9 Front Panel

SD9k Square Pulse Stimulator

2-15

Figure 2-2: SD9 Timing Sequence & Block Diagram

2-16

Chapter 2 Introduction

Installation & Setup When placing the SD9 in service, NEVER: 1. cover the SD9 cabinet with cloth or any other material 2. place the SD9 over radiators or heating registers 3. place the SD9 in an enclosure unless proper ventilation is provided and all other precautions taken. Supply Connection: The SD9 uses a removable 3-conductor, #18 gage AC power cable with an outer jacket and an IEC320 Power Inlet. The power input is switch selectable for 115 VAC, or 230 VAC. The AC plug is hospitalgrade and should only be connected to a hospital-grade AC receptacle. For installation in countries outside U.S.A., Canada and Mexico, and for 230-volt installations, refer to local safety codes for wiring. The SD9 will operate properly within the following ranges: Frequency 50/60 Hz Volts 115 VAC to 230 VAC Watts 30 Watts maximum 104 to 127 VAC (115 volt supply settings) 50/60 Hz (47-63 Hz) 207 to 253 VAC (230 volt supply settings) 50/60 Hz (47-63 Hz) Note : These voltages represent ±10% of the maximum nominal mains supply fluctuations. The line frequencies of 47-63 Hz represent ±5% of the frequency fluctuations of the nominal 50-60 Hz. Environmental: Intended for indoor use only Altitude: up to 2000m Temperature range: 5°C to 40°C Maximum relative humidity: 80% for temperatures up to 31°C decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40°C Pollution degree: 2 Grounding: The chassis of the SD9 is grounded to the AC supply via the grounding conductor in the power cord. When installing the SD9, check that the receptacle is wired properly and that the ground terminal is intact. The protective grounding conductor is relied upon for safety. Do not operate the SD9 with ungrounded receptacles. The user shall be made aware that, if the SD9 is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the SD9 may be impaired.

SD9k Square Pulse Stimulator

2-17

2-18

Chapter 2 Introduction

3

Operational Controls

Operational Controls Frequency (pps) The combination of the FREQUENCY dial, and 3-position decade multiplier switch provides a continuously variable range of 0.2 to 200 pps (pulses per second) with the SD9 operating with the MODE switch set to the REPEAT position. The multiplier switch provides three frequency ranges; 0.2 to 2 pps (X0.1) 2.0 to 20 pps (X1) 20.0 to 200 pps (X10)

Figure 3-1: Frequency Controls

SD9k Square Pulse Stimulator

3-19

Delay The combination of the DELAY dial and the 4-position decade multiplier switch provides a continuously variable range of 0.02 to 200 milliseconds delay. The delay is measured from the Prepulse sync out to the onset of the stimulus pulse. The ranges are; 0.02 to 0.2 ms (X0.01) 0.2 to 2.0 ms (X0.1) 2.0 to 20.0 ms (X1.0) 20.0 to 200.0 ms (X10)

Figure 3-2: Delay Control

3-20

Chapter 3 Operational Controls

Duration The combination of the DURATION dial and the 4-position decade multiplier switch provides a continuously variable range of 0.02 to 200 milliseconds stimulus pulse duration. The duration is measured from the onset of the stimulus pulse to the end of the pulse. The ranges are; 0.02 to 0.2 ms 0.2 to 2.0 ms 2.0 to 20.0 ms 20.0 to 200.0 ms

(X0.01) (X0.1) (X1.0) (X10)

Figure 3-3: Duration Control

SD9k Square Pulse Stimulator

3-21

Volts The combination of the VOLTS dial and the 3-position decade multiplier switch provides a continuously variable range of 0.1 volts to 100 volts stimulus pulse voltage. The voltage is measured from zero to the peak of the stimulus voltage. The ranges are; 0.1 to 1.0 volts (X0.1) 1.0 to 10.0 volts (X1) 10.0 to 100.0 volts (X10) The output impedance is about 1,000 ohms and is independent of the volts multiplier and the VOLTS potentiometer.

Figure 3-4: Volts Control

3-22

Chapter 3 Operational Controls

Stimulus Selector A 3-position slide switch is used to provide selection between the REGULAR, TWIN PULSES, and MOD (modulate) modes of operation. The REGULAR position is intended for the more routine method of operation. In this position, repetitive or single pulse delivery is obtained with the MODE switch in the SINGLE or REPEAT positions. The TWIN PULSES position provides two identical pulses to be delivered with the DELAY between them controlled by the delay controls. The twin pulses can be repetitive (MODE set to REPEAT) or single (MODE set to SINGLE).

Figure 3-5: Stimulus Selectors

The MOD (modulate) position is reserved for delivering “trains” of pulses. In this mode, the input pulse applied to the MOD input “gates” the SD9 Frequency circuit to provide the desired train. The number of pulses in the train is controlled by the SD9 Frequency, and the train duration is controlled by the gating pulse width. The TWIN PULSES position provides two identical pulses to be delivered with the DELAY between them controlled by the delay controls. The twin pulses can be repetitive (MODE set to REPEAT) or single (MODE set to SINGLE). The MOD (modulate) position is reserved for delivering “trains” of pulses. In this mode, the input pulse applied to the MOD input “gates” the SD9 Frequency circuit to provide the desired train. The number of pulses in the train is controlled by the SD9 Frequency, and the train duration is controlled by the gating pulse width.

SD9k Square Pulse Stimulator

3-23