LabLogic Systems

Scan-RAM Hardware Manual 2010

Hardware Manual

22 Pages

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File Size: 437 KB

File Name: LabLogic Systems - Scan-RAM Hardware Manual 2010 - 2010-01.pdf

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Page 1

Flow-RAM Hardware Manual

Hardware Manual

Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

CONTENTS

Single Application ... 3 Dual Application ... 4 Overview ... 5 Introduction ... 6 Setup ... 6 Scan Rate ... 6 Scan Length ... 6 Dwell Time: ... 7 Window Limits ... 7 Detector Type ... 7 Collimator width ... 7 HV Setting ... 8 Rear Panel ... 9 PMT Input ... 9 PIN Diode Input... 9 Analogue Output ... 9 AUX Connector ... 9 Analogue Input ... 10 Counter input ... 10 Digital input ... 10 Digital output ... 10 Aux output ... 10 USB Communications ... 10 Rear panel Connections: ... 11 Interface Cable Specifications ... 13 Control Cable: ... 13 BNC Cable: ... 13 SCAN-RAM Detector Options ... 14 1. FR1X004 NaI / PMT... 14

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual Application ... 14 Shielding (radio TLC) ... 14 Shielding (radio HPLC) ... 14 2. FR1X1 NaI / PMT... 15 Application ... 15 Shielding (radio TLC) ... 15 Shielding (radio HPLC) ... 15 3. FR4Pi NaI / PMT ... 16 Application ... 16 Flow Cell & Shielding (radio HPLC only) ... 16 4. FRPDNS PIN Diode ... 17 Application ... 17 Shielding (radio HPLC only) ... 17 5. FRPDNaI PIN Diode ... 18 Application ... 18 Shielding (radio HPLC only) ... 18 6. FRPS Plastic / PMT ... 19 Applications... 19 Shielding (radio HPLC) ... 19 The detector shielding... 20 Calculating the Flow Cell Size Volume ... 21 The Flow cell ... 21 Tubing ... 21 Stand Alone Mode ... 22 Block Diagram... 23

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

SINGLE APPLICATION The Scan-RAM rTLC scanner is a primarily intended to be used as a radio TLC scanner for gamma (PET and SPECT) and high energy beta radionuclides to determine radiochemical purity (RCP) of different products. The Scan-RAM detector range makes the systems suitable for various levels of radioactivity. The unit has a programmable motor drive system as shown on the preceding block diagram. The scan rates can be changed via the Laura software from 0.1mm/sec to 10.0mm/sec. In addition to selecting the appropriate detector, the results i.e. sensitivity and resolution are most often affected by the scan speed. The faster the scan speed the lower the sensitivity of the system, within limits. The optimum scan speed for the most common radiochemical purity applications is either 2mm/sec or 5mm/sec. The scan length can be preset in 1mm increments from 50mm to 200mm

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

DUAL APPLICATION The Scan-RAM 1B is an innovative system with dual application capabilities. In this configuration, the instrument can be used as a radio-TLC Scanner and a radio-HPLC detector and hence offering a dual solution. In this configuration, the users in essence have the FlowRAM built into the Scan-RAM. The Flow-RAM electronics are separate and independent of the electronics for the radio-TLC (Scan-RAM) applications and different parameters to those used for the radio-TLC applications (Scan-RAM) can be used to optimise the performance. This configuration of the Scan-RAM offers real benefit to the users as it saves them valuable laboratory space and money without compromise to the performance of each of the systems.

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

Overview With the appropriate detector, the LabLogic Scan-RAM is suitable for detection of a wide range of gamma and beta radionuclide’s. Below is a table with the characteristics of some of the most commonly used ones in PET and Nuclear Medicine;

Isotope

Half Live

Gamma energy in

Beta energy in MeV

20.5 m 10 m 2.03 m 1.87 h 2.58 y 14.3 d 45 d 270 d 64.5 h 6h 1.66 h 13 h 60 d 1.6E7y 8,05 d 30.2 y

2x511 2x511 2x511 2x511 2x511,1280

positron 0.96 positron 1.19 positron 1.73 positron 0.65 positron 0.54 1.71

C N 15 O 18 F 22 Na 32 P 55 Fe 57 Co 90 Y 99m Tc 113m In 123 I 125 I 129 I 131 I 137 Cs 13

1100(56%), 1290(44%) 122 2.27 140(90%) 393 159 35 40 364(82%) 662(85%),

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

INTRODUCTION Setup The Scan-RAM box will need a 24V DC power connection together with a USB connection and a connection to a suitable detector. Once the USB connection is established the blue LED in the centre of the pushbutton switch on the left hand side of the front panel will start to flash. This shows that the USB power is available and the unit is switched off. Pressing the button will start the power on sequence for the instrument. The scanning will perform a home cycle in which it will move forward and then return to the ‘home’ position. The LCD will become active and various screens of information will be displayed as the main controller searches for all the integral modules. The final screen will be the rTLC screen which displays information relevant to the rTLC application. The Lablogic Laura software can now be run to control the instrument. Some of the parameters that are set by Laura are shown below. A block diagram of the functional blocks of the instrument is shown on the last page of this document.

Scan Rate Can be set from Laura and will display on the front panel LCD.

Scan Length Can be set from Laura and will display on the front panel LCD.

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual Dwell Time: The unit provides dwell times from 50mS (20 readings/ second) to 30seconds (2 readings/minute). These times are programmable through the Laura software.

Window Limits The channel counts that are output from the front end module are those that fall within a window. The upper and lower limits of the window can be set from 0 to 4000mV and the only limitation (for obvious reasons) is that the upper limit must be greater than the lower limit. These limits are set using the Laura software and will be displayed on the front panel LCD. The default settings supplied in Laura will work in most instances and should you need to increase/decrease the sensitivity of the detector, then you should consider altering the Upper and Lower Limit settings along with the HV.

Detector Type The type of detector installed is selected from the Laura software the choices being PIN diode or PMT. The PIN diode uses a fixed bias of 24V and the PMT voltage is adjustable as referred to below.

Collimator width The collimator width is 3mm as this was found to be the optimum collimator width for the intended applications of the Scan-RAM. Different width collimators are available on special request.

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

HV Setting The setting of the high voltage is accomplished via the Laura software. The setting in use is displayed on the front panel LCD. The high voltage range is from 0-1200V in 1V steps. Also available to special order is a range of 0-2000V also adjustable in 1v steps.

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

REAR PANEL The Scan-RAM rTLC instrument is used as a front end to the Lablogic Laura software. The instrument has many rear panel connections and these are summarised below.

PMT Input An SHV connector is provided for connection to a suitable PMT detector. Lablogic provide a wide range of detectors for most applications. The PMT voltage can be adjusted from zero to 1200V by means of the Laura software.

PIN Diode Input A 9 pin connector is provided for connection to a compatible PIN diode detector. The bias voltage is fixed at 24V DC. Lablogic provide a wide range of detectors for most applications. . (see the Flow-Scan-RAM Detector options for further details)

Analogue Output A BNC connector is provided for an analogue output which is proportional to the window counts.

AUX Connector An RJ45 connector is provided for future use.

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual Analogue Input Two 22 bit resolution bipolar analogue input channels. The range for each channel is 0-+2.5V/-0.5V.

Counter input Two 32 bit counter channels, for CMOS level compatible signals. The input is a CMOS Schmitt trigger which gives good noise immunity but requires that a logic 1 be > 4V. For reliable counting it is advisable to keep the minimum pulse width greater than 100nS.

Digital input 4 digital inputs, TTL/CMOS level compatible. As these inputs are fitted with 4K7 pull up resistors a simple contact closure can be used as input.

Digital output 4 digital open drain outputs, TTL/CMOS compatible, can sink up to 10mA per output.

Aux output One open drain MOSFET output. Can switch a maximum of 500mA at 24V DC.

USB Communications The unit uses a USB interface to the PC running the Laura software. The unit must be connected to either a desktop PC, a powered hub, or a laptop with an AC supply.

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual This is because the instrument needs a 500mA USB supply and this is not usually available from a laptop running on batteries or an unpowered hub. The USB interface acts as a virtual comm port and simple diagnostic tests can be carried out with any PC running HyperTerminal or other communications program. Set the baud rate 19,200 baud 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit. Set flow control to none.

Rear panel Connections: Analogue Inputs Canon D Plug 9 way. Pin 1

Analogue In 2+

Pin 2

Analogue In 2-

Pin 3

Analogue In 1-

Pin 4

Analogue In 1+

Pin 6

Analogue ground

Pin 7

Analogue ground

Pin 8

Digital ground (Counter 2 common)

Pin 9

Digital ground

BNC Connectors Counter channel 1 (logic 0 < 1V and logic 1 > 4V CMOS compatible input) Counter channel 2 (logic 0 < 1V and logic 1 > 4V CMOS compatible input) Digital Inputs / Outputs Canon D Socket 15 way. Pin 1

Output 4

Pin 2

Output 3

Pin 3

Output 2

Pin 4

Output 1

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual Pin 5

Input 1 *

Pin 6

Input 2 *

Pin 7

Input 3 *

Pin 8

Input 4 *

Pin 11,12,13,14,15 Digital ground (common for digital inputs and outputs) * Note these inputs are pulled up to 5V with a 4K7 resistor. Pin 9,10 Aux Output

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

INTERFACE CABLE SPECIFICATIONS Cables are normally shipped with the interface boxes. The cables are terminated with a bootlace ferrule. The standard cable colour codes are as follows. Analogue cable: Analogue channel 1 is labelled ‘Analogue 1’ and has a yellow wire for Analogue 1 +ve or high input. The black wire is for the –ve or low input. Analogue channel 2 is labelled ‘Analogue 2’ and has a red wire for Analogue 2 +ve or high input. The black wire is for the –ve or low input. The default range for the analogue inputs is –0.5V to +2.5V. Control Cable: The ‘Start’ signal uses the Red + Blue pair of wires. Red is +ve and Blue is 0V (Common). The ‘Stop’ signal uses the Yellow + Green pair of wires. Yellow is +ve and Green is 0V (Common) If volt free relay contacts are used to provide these signals then the wires can be connected without regard to polarity. If, however, an open collector transistor switch is used then the polarity should be observed. It should be borne in mind that the Green and Blue wires are common. That is to say they are both connected to the digital 0V common rail inside the interface box. BNC Cable: A coaxial cable with BNC connectors is provided for connection the counter sources.

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Flow_Scan RAM Detector Options 1. PN-FXX-02 NaI - PMT Voltage requirements: Scintillator: Detector: Detection geometry: Recommended energy range: Typical background: Size: Weight:

600-1000 (max.) V 1” diameter x 0.04” NaI (TI) PM tube 1.5” diameter 2 pi 10-60 keV gamma 200-300 cpm 2” diameter x 7” 1 lb.

Application

This thin NaI-based PMT detector is a low energy gamma detector used primarily for detection of lowenergy gamma radiation (primarily I-125) in the range from 10-60 keV. The window area is approximately 2 2 5 cm and is covered by a thin plastic window (14 mg/cm ).

Shielding

Minimum shielding is recommended. Could use a 1” lead shielded holder for detector with adjustable flow-cell volume: PJ-FXX-10

2. PN-FXX-03 NaI - PMT Voltage requirements: Scintillator: Detector: Detection geometry: Recommended energy range: Typical background: Size: Weight:

600-1000 (max.) V 1” diameter x 1” thick NaI (TI) PM tube 1.5” diameter 2 pi 50 keV -1.5MeV 1500-2000 cpm 2” diameter x 8” 1 lb.

Application

This NaI-based PMT detector is a medium to high energy gamma detector used primarily for the detection of gamma radiation in the energy range above 60 keV in both radio-TLC and radio-HPLC applications. The 2 window area is approximately 5 cm and is covered by a 10mm aluminium entrance window. This detector is used in the PET area for purity analysis by radio-HPLC and for radio-TLC applications in Nuclear Medicine (excluding PET isotopes).

Shielding

PJ-FXX-11 - 2’’ Lead shield with adjustable volume flow cell is recommended to reduce normal environmental background to 200-400 cpm. For radio-TLC SPECT applications, the lead collimator supplied with the Scan-RAM is suitable.

3. PN-FXX-04 NaI - PMT Voltage requirements: Scintillator: Detector: Detection geometry: Recommended energy range: Typical background: Size: Weight:

500-1200 (max.) V 2” diameter x 2” thick NaI (TI) PM tube 2” diameter 2 pi 50 keV -3.0MeV 5,000-10,000 cpm 2.6” diameter x 11” 2.3 lbs.

Application

This thick NaI-based PMT detector is a medium to high energy gamma detector used primarily for the detection of gamma radiation in the energy range above 60 keV in radio-HPLC applications with high activities. This detector is primarily used in the PET area for purity analysis by radio-HPLC.

Shielding

PJ-FXX- 2’’ Lead shield with adjustable volume flow cell is recommended to reduce normal environmental background to 200-400 cpm. For radio-TLC SPECT applications, the lead collimator supplied with the ScanRAM is suitable

4. PN-FXX-06 Plastic - PMT Voltage requirements: Scintillator: Detector: Detection geometry: Recommended energy range: Typical background: Size: Weight:

600-1000 (max.) V 1.7” diameter x 0.01” (0.25 mm) thick plastic PM tube 1.5” diameter 2 pi >30 keV beta 50 cpm 2” diameter x 7” 1 lb.

Applications

The PN-FXX-06 scintillation detector probe is a beta detector used primarily for the detection of highenergy beta emitters for radio-HPLC and more commonly used for radio-TLC of PET radionuclides. The scintillator consists of a 1.7” diameter by 0.25mm plastic scintillator, which has high efficiency for beta 2 radiation and positrons but low efficiency for gammas. The window area is approximately 11.6 cm and is 2 covered by a thin aluminized Mylar entrance window (0.8mg/ cm ).

Shielding

For radio-HPLC applications of high energy betas such as P, no shielding is required. For radio-TLC PET applications, the lead collimator supplied with the Scan-RAM is suitable

5. PP-FXX-07 PIN Diode Voltage requirements: Scintillator: Detector: Detection geometry: Recommended energy range: Typical background: Size: Weight:

20 V none 2 PIN Diode, 4mm 2 pi >25 keV gamma 0 cpm (unshielded) 1.5” x 1.25” diameter 0.2 lb.

Application

The solid state PIN Diode detector has high count-rate capability and low sensitivity to provide linear pulse counting from 10 μCi to 1 Ci. It is compact and easy to shield for use in high radiation environment applications that require accurate linear measurements. This unit produces approx. 5000 cpm per mCi. It is ideal for PET prep applications, in areas where the a NaI-based PMT detector is not suitable or too sensitive.

Shielding

Recommended PIN Diode holder and lead shield: PJ-FXXCan also use PJ-FXX-13 lead sleeve inserted into a standard 1”, 2” or 3” lead shield.

6. PP-FXX-08 CsI PIN Diode Voltage requirements: Scintillator: Detector: Detection geometry: Recommended energy range: Typical background: Size: Weight:

20 V CsI (NaI) 1 x 1 x 2 cm PIN Diode, 1 x 1 cm 2 pi >100 keV gamma 100 cpm (unshielded) 2.5” x 1.25” diameter 0.2 lb.

Application

The CsI-based PIN Diode detector is ideal for using in compact locations. As with the PP-FXX-07 PIN Diode, this unit is easy to shield in a high radiation environment, however the CsI crystal gives it increased -3 sensitivity down to levels below 10 μCi. Suitable for places where the solid state PIN Diode doesn’t provide the required sensitivity and a NaI-based PMT is too sensitive.

Shielding

Recommended PIN Diode holder and lead shield: PJ-FXXCan also use PJ-FXX-13 lead sleeve inserted into a standard 1”, 2” or 3” lead shield.

7. PN-FXX-14 NaI/PMT 4Pi Voltage requirements: Scintillator: Detector: Detection geometry: Indicated Use Typical background: Detector Size:

Application

500-1200V Integral NaI(Tl) well scintillator PMT 5.1 cm (2 in.) diameter 4 pi Low level PET and SPECT analytical purposes 1000 cpm (unshielded). A lot less with the shield PJ-FXX-15 4.4 x 5.1 cm (1.8 x 2 in.) (Dia x L)

This well type detector is ideally suited for low level PET and SPECT work. One of its recommended uses is in SPECT metabolite analysis applications.

Shielding

Recommended lead shield: PJ-FXX-15

Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

THE DETECTOR SHIELDING Another accessory has been introduced to improve the shielding of the 2Pi detectors. In radio-HPLC applications where high activities are in both the flow system and other parts of the laboratory, the background activity must be eliminated from the detector to provide accurate, stable measurement of impurities in quality control analyses. The lead shielding system is supplied in various thicknesses (1”, 2” and 3”) of lead to provide complete shielding of the NaI(Tl) detector from all activity in the energy range of up to 511 keV. Thus appropriate shielding provides adequate shielding for most applications involving common nuclear medicine isotopes as 99mTc, 123I, and 111I, 131I and P.E.T. tracers. A unique flow cell arrangement is combined with the lead shielding of the detector to provide a choice of flow cell volumes ranging from only a few microliters up to 0.5 ml. The very small volume arrangement is ideal for quality control with standard radiopharmaceutical specific activities of 10-20 mCi/ml because it gives very high time resolution and sensitivity while keeping the detector from saturating when the main peak is being counted with 2-5 μl injections of undiluted product. All cells are made by the user from standard HPLC tubing which is either run past a slit to create very small volume cells or is wrapped on a spool which is supplied with the system. Using the spool, cells with volumes ranging from 25 – 500 μl are easily created.

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Scan-RAM Hardware Manual

Calculating the Flow Cell Size Volume To present the column eluent to the Scan-RAM rHPLC detector a flow cell must be constructed. The completed assembly must be shielded from background radiation and from activity flowing in the chromatography system but outside the flow cell.

The Flow cell Each Scan-RAM rHPLC detector can be adapted for continuous flow monitoring by using the outlet tubing from the radiochromatography column to form a flow cell. The residence volume of the flow cell can be determined from the following equation: V = πr2h Where; V= residence volume r= internal radius of the tubing h= length of tubing in the flow cell Example: Using 12 inches of 1/32” ID tube in the flow cell the residence volume is calculated as V = 3.14 x (0.0156)2 x 12 V = 0.00917 cu in V = 0.00917 x 16.387 = 0.15 ml

Tubing

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